Once Upon a Mattress

AN R&H THEATRICALS TITLE

Once Upon a Mattress

Full-Length Musical, Comedy  /  4w, 7m plus ensemble

Winnifred the Woebegone is just a simple swamp princess looking to win the heart of Prince Dauntless. But can she pass the impossible test Queen Aggravain has in store for her? 

Image: 2024 New York City Center Production (Joan Marcus)

  • Cast Size
    Cast Size
    4w, 7m plus ensemble
  • Duration
    Duration
    More than 120 minutes (2 hours)
  • SubGenre
    Subgenre
    Fantasy, Adaptation (Literature)
  • Audience
    Target Audience
    Appropriate for All Audiences, Adult, Teen (Age 14-18)
Accolades
Accolades
  • Nominee: Two 1960 Tony Awards, including Best Musical
    Nominee: 1997 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musical

Details

Summary

Many moons ago in a far-off place, Queen Aggravain decreed no couples could marry until her son, Prince Dauntless, found a bride. Princesses came from far and wide to win the hand of the prince, but none could pass the impossible tests given to them by the Queen. That is, until the “shy” swamp princess, Winnifred the Woebegone, showed up. Would she be able to pass the Sensitivity Test, marry her prince and help Lady Larken and Sir Harry to the altar? Carried on a wave of wonderful songs, by turns hilarious and raucous, romantic and melodic, this rollicking spin on the classic tale The Princess and the Pea provides some side-splitting shenanigans. For after all, a princess is a delicate thing.

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History
In the summer of 1958 at a resort in the Poconos called Camp Taminent, three young writers (composer Mary Rodgers and lyricist/librettists Marshall Barer and Jay Thompson) adapted Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale “The Princess and the Pea” for a week-long run. This one-act musical proved so popular that it was held over and, before you could say "sensitivity," the show was snapped up by producers for a commercial run in New York.

By the time it opened off-Broadway in May of 1959 at the Phoenix Theatre, the show had acquired an additional author, Dean Fuller (who had previously worked with Marshall Barer on New Faces Of '56), a new director (the estimable George Abbott), a second act, and a new title: Once Upon a Mattress. Casting had undergone many changes, but the biggest was the result of George Abbott's desire for a new face to play the starring role of Princess Winnifred. It was Abbott's daughter, Judy, who "discovered" Carol Burnett — a new comedian then appearing at New York City's famed Blue Angel nightclub — and recommended her to Barer and his collaborators. Upon her arrival in New York, Burnett had determinedly insisted to her younger sister that she was going to be the star of a Broadway musical directed by the famous George Abbott — long before anyone in The Big Apple had even heard her name. And the rest, as they say, is history. 

The show had a healthy run of 460 performances in an extraordinary Broadway tour, moving from the Phoenix, to Broadway's Alvin (now the Neil Simon), to the Winter Garden, to the Cort Theatre, and then finally to the St. James Theater. The reviews were good, and Mattress was nominated for Best Musical at the 1960 Tony Awards. Mattress was against The Sound of Music, pitting Rodgers against Rodgers for the prestigious award. Carol Burnett also received her first Tony nomination for Best Actress as Fred, cementing her launch into stardom. After the close of the Broadway run, it was produced for television first in 1964 and again in 1972, with Ms. Burnett reprising her role both times. 

In the fall of 1995, Once Upon a Mattress returned to Broadway, starring Sarah Jessica Parker as Winnifred. Carol Burnett appeared in the ABC television version of Mattress in 2005, this time as the imposing Queen Aggravain, with the esteemed British comedian Tracey Ullman as Winnifred. The production was directed by Tony Award-winning director Kathleen Marshall.

And the show itself? Well, what happened to this charming musical is a fairy tale as well. Decades later, without anyone really paying close attention (except maybe the authors), it remains one of the top-licensing shows in the world. Not bad at all for a show that began as a 45-minute divertissement!

Act I

On an empty stage, the Minstrel strums his lute and introduces the audience to the classic tale of The Princess and the Pea (“Prologue – Many Moons Ago”). As he finishes his song, he tells the audience that while the traditional story is very pretty, it’s not quite accurate, and he knows because he was there. We are transported to a small kingdom ruled by a talkative Queen, a mute King and a Prince who is overly sheltered by his mother. On the day the Minstrel arrived, Queen Aggravain was testing Princess Number 12 to see if she could marry her son, Prince Dauntless. Her failure to pass the impossible test causes the people of the kingdom to despair and lament the cruel law which states that no one can marry until Dauntless finds a bride (“Opening for a Princess”). One such couple desperate to get married is the noble Lady Larken and Sir Harry. After the test, Larken finds Harry to inform him that they must find a way to get married straight away because Larken is going to have a baby (“In a Little While”). Sir Harry then finds Queen Aggravain and volunteers to quest for a princess, and the Queen reluctantly agrees (“In A Little While (Reprise)”).

When Harry returns, he brings back a rather unusual princess, one who causes quite a stir when she… swims the moat. Princess Winnifred the Woebegone introduces herself to the court, brashly looking for her Prince (“Shy”). While the Queen is less than sure Winnifred (or “Fred”) is a true, bona fide princess, she is permitted to stay and take the newest test. But the Minstrel, the Jester and the mute King Sextimus are worried about Fred and Lady Larken’s fate, and plan to work together (“The Minstrel, The Jester, and I”). Meanwhile, Queen Aggravain meets with the Wizard to devise a new test for the princess; she decides to test Fred’s “Sensitivity” by seeing if she can feel a pea beneath 20 soft, downy mattresses.

As Aggravain plots, Fred and Dauntless have gotten to know each other, and Fred tells him all about her swampy homeland (“The Swamps of Home”). When she finishes, Lady Larken, mistaking Fred for another maid, begins to bark orders at her. Harry enters and informs her that the woman she has been bossing around is none other than the princess he brought to save the day. The two have a huge fight and exchange some nasty words. Larken storms away and runs into the King, the Jester and the Minstrel, who offer to whisk her away (“Normandy”). Before the test commences, the Queen throws a ball in honor of Fred’s arrival, and makes the court dance the exhausting “Spanish Panic.” But despite the rest of the court’s fatigue, Fred keeps going and defeats the Queen’s trick. Dauntless is so impressed by Fred that he declares his love for her (“Song of Love”).

Act II

We open to Queen Aggravain preparing the Sensitivity Test as she checks off everything necessary: sheets, pillows, blankets, mattresses, pea and complete silence from the court (“Opening – Act II”). Fred and Dauntless sit in her chambers preparing for the test, the subject of which remains a mystery to her and the court. When Larken comes to assist, Fred convinces her to patch things up with Harry. But once alone, Fred laments that she must pass the test all by herself, and has no help like some other fairytale princesses (“Happily Ever After”). Seeing how much his son loves Fred, King Sextimus summons Dauntless to have the “Man to Man Talk.” Meanwhile, the Minstrel goes off to figure out what the test is. He meets the Wizard and tells him that he’s been a long admirer of his work since his days in show business. His ego properly stroked, the Wizard reveals the test to the Minstrel, and the two make plans to split a bottle of wine. The Jester, meanwhile, reminisces about the good old days (“Very Soft Shoes”). As the hour grows later, Lady Larken finds Sir Harry, and the two make amends after their fight (“Yesterday I Loved you”).

Finally, the test is ready, and Fred is summoned to ascend 20 mattresses after unknowingly ingesting a sleeping potion, staring into a hypnotic mirror, and listening to the Nightingale of Samarkand’s lullaby. She is left alone, but she tosses and turns, absolutely unable to sleep. The next morning, Dauntless and the Queen wait for Fred to awaken, and the Queen reveals to Dauntless that the test was for Fred to feel a pea beneath 20 mattresses, but unfortunately, she was already falling asleep when she left her. Thinking that Fred had already failed, Dauntless laments. But when Fred emerges from her bedchamber, she reveals angrily that she never slept a wink—the bed was too uncomfortable. Dauntless rejoices, but the Queen still will not give in and let Fred marry him. That’s when Dauntless snaps and tells his mother she, for once, needs to “shut up.” At that moment, the Queen becomes mute, and the King gets his voice back. With the return of their beloved King, and the impending marriage of Prince Dauntless to Fred, the Kingdom rejoices and wonders how she passed the test (“Finale”). The Jester and the Minstrel reveal that they were the ones who stuffed the mattresses with all sorts of uncomfortable items like a lute, a pan, a lance, etc. But as Winnifred climbs back up to take a well-deserved rest, she tosses again, and the Minstrel pulls out the pea. She is now finally able to sleep, because after all, she is a genuine princess.

PRINCIPALS
3 Women
6 Men

FEATURED
1 Woman
1 Man

ENSEMBLE
Singing and dancing ensemble consisting of Ladies-in-Waiting, Knights, Soldiers, Servants and Musicians.

CHARACTERS
Minstrel
Pantomime Characters
Princess No. 12
Wizard
Lady Larken
Queen Aggravain
Prince Dauntless
King Sextimus the Silent
Jester
Sir Studley
Sir Luce
1st Knight
2nd Knight
3rd Knight
1st Lady-in-Waiting - Rowena
2nd Lady-in-Waiting - Merrill
3rd Lady-in-Waiting - Lucille
Sir Harry
Kitchen Wench
Princess Winnifred
Emily
Lady Mabelle
Nightingale
Ladies-in-Waiting, Knights, Soldiers, Servants, Musicians, etc.

In this show, the race of the characters is not pivotal to the plot. We encourage you to consider diversity and inclusion in your casting choices.

  • Time Period Medieval (6th-14th Century)
  • Setting Many moons ago in a far-off place.
  • Features Fantasy Costumes, Period Costumes
  • Additional Features Physical Comedy
  • Duration More than 120 minutes (2 hours)
  • Cautions
    • Mild Adult Themes

Media

“As fresh, inventive and funny as ever... with wit and sophistication, and more important, human feeling.” – New York Daily News

“A perfect pastiche of its own charming self.” – Liz Smith

“A hilariously nutty retelling of the beloved fairy tale The Princess and the Pea. The show itself is a musical comedy gem. Mattress is a masterpiece of its kind.” – Michael Portantiere, Theatermania

“As fresh, inventive and funny as ever... Once Upon a Mattress shows you can retell fairy tales with wit and sophistication, and more important, human feeling.” – New York Daily News

Videos

  • Sarah Jessica Parker Sings "Shy" youtube thumbnail

    Sarah Jessica Parker Sings "Shy"

Photos

  • Once Upon a Mattress

    Image: 2024 New York City Center Production (Joan Marcus)

  • Once Upon a Mattress

    Image: 2015 Transport Group Theatre Company Production (Carol Rosegg)

Music

Music Samples

Act I

1. “Overture” – Orchestra
2. “Many Moons Ago (Prologue)” – Minstrel
3. “Opening for a Princess” – Dauntless, Larken, Ladies, Knights
4. “In a Little While” – Harry, Larken
5. “In a Little While (Reprise)” – Harry, Larken
6. “Shy” – Winnifred, Knights, Dauntless, Queen, Ladies
6.1. “Fanfare” – Orchestra
6.2. “The Minstrel, the Jester and I” – Minstrel, Jester, King
7. “Sensitivity” – Queen, Wizard
8. “The Swamps of Home” – Winnifred, Ladies, Dauntless
9. “Fight-Fight” – Harry, Larken
10. “The Spanish Panic” – Orchestra
11. “Tents” – Orchestra
12. “Normandy” – Minstrel, Larken, Jester
13. “Spanish Panic No. 2” – Orchestra
14. “Song of Love” – Dauntless, Winnifred

Act II

15. “Entr’acte” – Orchestra
16. “Opening Act II” – All
17. “Happily Ever After” – Winnifred
18. “Man to Man Talk” – Dauntless, King
19. “Very Soft Shoes” – Jester
20. “Three O’clock in the Morning” – Orchestra
21. “Yesterday I Loved You” – Harry, Larken
22. “Nightingale Lullaby” – Orchestra
22.1. “Wizard” – Orchestra
23. “Finale” – All
24. “Bows & Exit Music” – Orchestra

  • Musical Style Classic Broadway
  • Dance Requirements Moderate
  • Vocal DemandsModerate
  • Orchestra Size Large
  • Chorus Size Medium

Licensing & Materials

  • PLEASE BE ADVISED: There are multiple versions of this title. Before you proceed, please double-check to ensure that you are applying for the version you want. We will not be able to refund rental or shipping fees if you pay for the wrong version.

    If you’re not sure which version best suits your needs, you may purchase a perusal for each available version.

    ONCE UPON A MATTRESS

    ONCE UPON A MATTRESS: YOUTH EDITION

Music Rentals

Concord offers a full suite of resources to help you put on the show of a lifetime!

15   Libretto-Vocal Book
1   Piano-Conductor (rehearsal & stick conductor)

1   Flute — doubling Piccolo
1   Oboe
1   Clarinet
1   Bass Clarinet
1   Horn
1   Trumpet 1
1   Trumpet 2
1   Trombone
1   Guitar — Acoustic with amp
1   Piano — doubling Celeste
1   Harp
1   Percussion — 2 Timpani, Orchestra Bells, Triangle, Shakers, Bongos, Bird Whistle, Xylophone, Vibes, Tambourine, Tam-Tam, Castanets, Woodblocks (high and low), Temple Blocks (5 pitches) and Trap Set (Snare Drum, Bass Drum, High Hat and Suspended Cymbal
3   Violin (3 players)
3   Viola (3 players)
1   Cello (2 players)
1   Bass
1   Optional String Synth – This part contains all of the Violin, Viola and Cello parts formatted into one keyboard part, however it is not necessarily intended to be played as such. Consult with your musical director to find out how to best utilize this part to augment, enrich your string section. This will most likely require some editing of your own part.

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Additional Material
A Full Score is available for this title for an additional fee. Please contact your licensing representative for additional information.

15   Libretto-Vocal Book
1   Piano-Conductor (rehearsal & performance)

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Authors

Mary Rodgers

Mary Rodgers (1931-2014). An accomplished author, screenwriter and composer, Mary Rodgers' earliest professional credits included serving as Assistant to the Producer of Leonard Bernstein's New York Philharmonic Young People's Concerts.

Her Broadway career began as composer of ...

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Jay Thompson

Jay Thompson (1927-2014) co-wrote the book for Once Upon A Mattress and wrote the book, music and lyrics for the opera The Bible Salesman, as well as the one-act musical The Oldest Trick in the World. He also wrote Pocketful of Wry, a musical revue. In addition to composing w ...

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Dean Fuller

Dean Fuller (1922-2017) was a composer, playwright, conductor, sailor, pilot, novelist and teacher. B.A. music and drama, Yale University. Alumnus Tamiment Playhouse, last of the Borscht Belt boot camps for revue writers, lyricists and composers. He co-wrote the book for Once ...

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Marshall Barer

Marshall Barer (1923-1998) could have been labeled eclectic, mercurial, peripatetic, or simply promiscuous, but it mattered not to him, who over the years mated his lyrics to the melodies of Michele Brourman, Hoagy Carmichael, Gordon Connell, J. Fred Coots, Vernon Duke, Duke ...
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